Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
Published on: September 19, 2019
A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Dynamic Risk Factors for Emerging Adults who Abuse their Parents
Simone B Close1, Joan E van Horn1, Carlijn J M Wibbelink2
1De Waag, Center for Forensic Outpatient Treatment, part of De Forensische Zorgspecialisten, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Purpose:
Even though five to 11% of child-to-parent abuse (CPA) perpetrators are emerging adults (age 18-23 years), relevant risk factors underlying CPA in this group are understudied.
Method:
A multilevel meta-analysis was performed on nine studies (450 effect sizes, N = 1,043), comprising eight static (e.g., age and gender of perpetrator) and dynamic (e.g., substance abuse, financial problems) risk factors.
Results:
Emerging adults who fell victim of domestic violence, or had antisocial cognitions, authority problems, or empathy problems displayed CPA more often. Moderator analyses revealed that the relation between gender of perpetrator and CPA was moderated by gender of victim (p = .033) and CPA type (p = .021). Gender of victim (p < .001) also moderated the relationship between single-parent household and CPA. Finally, the relation between witness to DV and CPA was moderated by age (p = .007).
Conclusions:
This was the first multilevel meta-analysis focusing exclusively on CPA displayed by emerging adults. The results can be used as a basis for further research into relevant risk factors for CPA in this group and hopefully contribute to the development of health care interventions to reduce chances of CPA occurring.
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10896-022-00469-4.
Related Concept Videos
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Emerging Adulthood
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Cognitive Development During Adolescence

