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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...

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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

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Published on: June 25, 2014

Increased CD34 in pancreatic islet negatively predict islet β-cell decrease in type1 diabetes model.

Shichen Huang^1,2, Zhiyuan Li², Yuhan Sun²

¹School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.

Frontiers in Physiology

|December 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

CD34, a stem cell marker, is found on islet alpha-cells and its increased presence correlates with fewer islet beta-cells in diabetes. This suggests CD34 could be a novel biomarker for early diabetes diagnosis.

Keywords:

CD34 islet β-cell type 1 diabetes β-cell marker β-cell transdifferentiation

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cell Biology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Islet beta-cell biomarkers are crucial for detecting prediabetes and early diabetes.
The role of CD34, a stem cell biomarker, in pancreatic islets is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression and function of CD34 in pancreatic islets.
To evaluate CD34 as a potential biomarker for islet beta-cells in diabetes.

Main Methods:

Proteomic bioinformatics analysis.
Double immunofluorescence staining.
Correlation analysis in rat models.

Main Results:

CD34 is expressed on islet alpha-cells, not beta-cells, in normal rat pancreas.
CD34-positive cells significantly increase in alloxan-induced diabetes models.
CD34 expression negatively correlates with islet beta-cell number during diabetes progression.

Conclusions:

CD34 is a potential biomarker for islet beta-cells, aiding early diabetes diagnosis.
Increased CD34 expression suggests islet beta-cell to alpha-cell transdifferentiation in diabetes.
CD34 may offer insights into diabetes mechanisms.