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Glomerular hyperfiltration: part 2-clinical significance in children

Oyindamola C Adebayo1,2, Agathe B Nkoy2,3, Lambertus P van den Heuvel2,4

  • 1Center of Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthiusberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|December 6, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) in children involves complex mechanisms across various kidney diseases. This review examines GHF causes, contributing factors like low birth weight, and its impact on kidney disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Renal Physiology

Background:

  • Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) is observed in pediatric kidney conditions like sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
  • The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of GHF are not fully understood and can differ between conditions.
  • GHF may manifest at either the single-nephron or whole-kidney level depending on the clinical context.

Approach:

  • This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms of GHF in the pediatric population.
  • It examines the role of factors including gender, low birth weight, and race in GHF pathogenesis.
  • The review also highlights the consequences of GHF on the progression of kidney disease.

Key Points:

  • Mechanisms of GHF vary significantly across different pediatric kidney diseases.
  • Factors such as gender, low birth weight, and race influence the development of GHF.
  • GHF is linked to the progression of kidney disease in children.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse mechanisms of GHF in pediatric kidney diseases is crucial.
  • Further research into factors influencing GHF pathogenesis is warranted.
  • Addressing GHF may be key to mitigating kidney disease progression in pediatric patients.

Keywords:
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)Diabetic kidney diseaseDuchenne muscular dystrophyGlomerular hyperfiltrationObesity-related glomerulopathyPediatric populationSickle cell diseaseSolitary functioning kidney

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