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Inhibitory Control Training Improves Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Externalizing Behavior.

Vahid Nejati1, Fatemeh Fallah2, Sarah Raskin3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry
|December 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Inhibitory control training improved ADHD symptoms in preschoolers. The intervention enhanced attention and reduced hyperactivity, impulsivity, and externalizing behaviors.

Keywords:
Program for attentive rehabilitation of inhibition and selective attentionattention deficit and hyperactivity disordercognitive rehabilitationexternalizing behaviorinhibitory controltransferability

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Dysexecutive function theory highlights inhibitory control deficits in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • These deficits are linked to core ADHD symptoms and associated behavioral issues in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trainability of inhibitory control in preschoolers with ADHD.
  • To assess the impact of inhibitory control training on ADHD symptoms and externalizing behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized clinical trial involving 30 preschoolers diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Intervention group received 10-12 sessions of the Program for Attentive Rehabilitation of Inhibition and Selective Attention (PARISA).
  • Assessments included Flanker and Go/No-Go tasks, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, and Child Behavior Checklist at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in prepotent inhibition and interference control were observed in the intervention group.
  • The intervention led to amelioration of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.
  • A notable improvement in externalizing behavioral problems was documented post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory control is a trainable skill in preschoolers with ADHD.
  • Training-induced gains in inhibitory control can positively transfer to reductions in ADHD symptoms and externalizing behaviors.