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Metformin: new applications for an old drug
Amirreza Naseri1, Sarvin Sanaie2, Sina Hamzehzadeh3
1Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
|December 7, 2022
Summary
Metformin, a widely used drug, shows potential beyond diabetes management. Emerging evidence suggests benefits in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney function, though its use in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is cautioned against.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Oncology
- Neurology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Metformin is a widely prescribed biguanide medication primarily for type 2 diabetes.
- Recent research suggests potential therapeutic applications for metformin beyond its glucose-lowering effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current clinical and preclinical evidence on the diverse applications of metformin.
- To explore the efficacy of metformin in various non-diabetic conditions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of clinical and preclinical studies on metformin's off-label uses.
- Analysis of evidence regarding metformin's effects on cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and renal function.
Main Results:
- Metformin demonstrates anti-tumor effects across multiple cancer types (liver, colorectal, prostate, breast, etc.).
- Neuroprotective properties suggest benefits for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment.
- Potential improvements in cardiovascular health, kidney function, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy were noted.
- Caution advised for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to potential worsening of inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Metformin exhibits a broad spectrum of potential therapeutic benefits in various diseases.
- Further research is needed to confirm these indications, especially in non-diabetic populations.
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