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Atypical development in white matter microstructures in ADHD: A longitudinal diffusion imaging study.

Huey-Ling Chiang1, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng2, Wan-Ling Tseng3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Asian Journal of Psychiatry
|December 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with ADHD show faster white matter development, suggesting compensatory brain changes. This longitudinal study tracked brain microstructure changes in ADHD versus typically developing controls.

Keywords:
ADHDDiffusion spectrum imagingGeneralized fractional anisotropyLongitudinal studyTrajectoryWhite matter microstructure

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cross-sectional studies show white matter microstructure differences in children with ADHD compared to controls.
  • Longitudinal data on white matter development in ADHD is limited, leaving developmental trajectories unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of white matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD compared to typically developing controls (TDC).
  • To examine the association between white matter microstructural changes and ADHD symptoms and attention performance.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) study with 55 participants with ADHD and 61 TDC.
  • Mean follow-up of five years, with initial DSI scans from age 7 to 18.
  • Analysis of time-by-diagnosis interaction on generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) across 45 white matter tracts, with adjustments for confounders and multiple comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Participants with ADHD exhibited accelerated GFA development in multiple white matter tracts, including the arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum.
  • Faster GFA increases in the cingulum and frontostriatal tract (FS-PFC) within the ADHD group correlated with reduced inattention symptoms.
  • Across all participants, accelerated GFA increases in the cingulum and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) were linked to improved attention performance.

Conclusions:

  • Atypical developmental trajectories of white matter tracts are observed in ADHD.
  • Findings suggest potential normalization and compensatory neuroplasticity in white matter with age in individuals with ADHD.
  • These changes may contribute to symptom improvement and cognitive development from childhood to early adulthood.