Malaria Elimination in China and Sustainability Concerns in the Post-elimination Stage

The World Health Organization (WHO) certified China as officially malaria-free on June 30, 2021. Looking back at the public health history in China, malaria elimination has been a product of complex social engineering. Here, we summarized our experience and lessons, and found that malaria control and elimination in China is mainly attributed to governmental leadership, consistent efforts, technological innovations, and adaptive approaches. We also raised that vigilance should focus on imported cases through strengthening surveillance and response systems in order to prevent any re-establishment of transmission after elimination. China should continue to maintain its laboratory, clinical and field epidemiology capabilities. Continuous policy and financial support, multi-sectoral cooperation, and innovative strategies and approaches will remain essential. By integrating these, a malaria-free status can become sustainable.