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Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
Published on: June 20, 2018
Kidney Pathology of Tropical and Nontropical Infectious Diseases in the Pediatric Population
Morgan Williams1, Jenna Reisler1, Tyler James1
1John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
Objectives:
To review kidney pathology of tropical and nontropical infectious diseases in the pediatric population.
Methods:
We review 4 tropical and 2 nontropical infectious diseases that affect the kidneys of children in terms of their direct and indirect pathogenetic mechanism in inducing kidney damage.
Results:
We demonstrate clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, kidney pathology, and laboratory diagnostic methods for (1) renal cryptococcosis, which represents involvement of a pure direct pathway; (2) schistosomiasis and dengue fever as examples of dual direct and indirect pathways; and (3) congenital syphilis, visceral leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease, which represent indirect pathways.
Conclusions:
Infective agents affect the kidneys of children mainly through indirect mechanisms, such as through immunological mechanisms as part of an antigenic response. A direct mechanism of kidney injury, however, is less known within the medical community simply because the direct mechanism is rarely encountered in nontropical countries. In some infectious diseases, both indirect and direct pathways are responsible in inducing 2 sets of morphologically separate kidney lesions.
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