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Spatial Accessibility Analysis of Medical Facilities Based on Public Transportation Networks
1College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400075, China.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 11, 2022
Summary
The spatial layout of medical facilities in Chongqing is unbalanced, with major hospitals having the weakest accessibility and pharmacies the strongest. This impacts primary medical service coverage in urban areas.
Area of Science:
- Urban planning
- Public health
- Geographic information systems (GIS)
Background:
- Unreasonable medical facility layout and inadequate primary care coverage are significant urban health challenges.
- The main urban area of Chongqing faces issues with medical service distribution and accessibility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the spatial differentiation and accessibility of medical facilities in Chongqing's main urban area.
- To identify areas with poor primary medical service coverage and inform urban planning strategies.
Main Methods:
- Utilized nearest neighbor analysis, kernel density, mean center, and standard deviational ellipse methods.
- Assessed spatial accessibility using service area and population ratios across pedestrian, bus, and rail transit networks.
- Included tertiary A hospitals, general hospitals, specialized hospitals, community hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies as research objects.
Main Results:
- Medical facilities in Chongqing exhibit an unbalanced spatial layout, characterized by "large agglomeration, small dispersion" and a "multi-center group" distribution.
- Identified several sub-core areas of medical facility concentration, including Southwest University, University Town, Yudong, Lijiatuo, Pingan Light Rail Station, Chongqing No. 8 Middle School, Tea Garden, and Jiangbei Airport.
- Tertiary A hospitals demonstrated the weakest average accessibility, while pharmacies showed the strongest.
- Yuzhong, Shapingba, Dadukou, and Nanan districts possess vital average accessibility to medical facilities.
Conclusions:
- The spatial distribution of medical facilities in Chongqing is uneven, leading to disparities in healthcare access.
- Primary medical services require strategic redistribution to improve coverage, particularly in areas with lower accessibility.
- Findings provide crucial insights for optimizing urban medical facility planning and enhancing public health service delivery.
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