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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

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Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...

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Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
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Microbe-Immune-Stress Interactions Impact Behaviour during Postnatal Development.

Cassandra Francella1, Miranda Green1, Giorgia Caspani2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life stress and T-cell deficiency impact gut microbiota composition and behavior in mice. Specific gut microbes are linked to neurodevelopment, highlighting the microbiome-brain axis in early life.

Keywords:
T cellsbehaviourgut-brain axismicrobiomepostnatal development

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Microbiota-brain communication influences behavior and brain function.
  • Microbiota composition is shaped by genetics, diet, and environment, affecting host development.
  • Early-life interactions between environment, genetics, microbiome, and the central nervous system are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of postnatal stress on microbe-brain interactions and behavior.
  • Examine the effects of T-cell deficiency on these interactions.
  • Identify key microbial taxa associated with behavioral outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Postnatal stress induction via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and maternal separation in mice.
  • Behavioral assessments including righting reflex, ultrasonic vocalizations, open field, sociability, and grooming.
  • Fecal microbiota 16S rRNA gene sequencing for diversity and composition analysis.

Main Results:

  • Reduced alpha diversity in T-cell-deficient mice.
  • Genotype- and stress-related alterations in specific gut microbial taxa.
  • Identification of key behavioral-related taxa through integrated microbiota and behavioral analyses, particularly in immunocompromised contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic and environmental factors, including early-life stress and T-cell immunity, significantly influence gut microbiota composition.
  • Specific gut microbial taxa are associated with neurodevelopment and behavior.
  • Findings advance understanding of microbiome-brain signaling pathways in early life.