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Related Concept Videos

Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
171
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

194
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
194
Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete01:28

Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete

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Air entrainment in concrete significantly enhances the material's durability, especially in environments subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Introducing small air bubbles into the concrete mix acts as internal voids that accommodate the expansion of water when it freezes, thereby alleviating internal stress and preventing structural cracks. This function is crucial in climates with significant freezing and thawing, as it protects the concrete from repeated stresses that could lead to premature...
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Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete01:16

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

170
Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen...
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Reinforcements in Concrete01:25

Reinforcements in Concrete

136
Reinforced concrete is a composite material used extensively in construction, combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel. This synergy is essential as concrete, while excellent at resisting compression, is weak under tension. Steel bars, or rebars, are embedded in the concrete to handle these tensile forces. The choice of steel is strategic; it shares a similar coefficient of thermal expansion with concrete, which ensures uniformity in response to...
136

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Different Fiber Reinforcement Effects on Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Long-Term Deflection in Three-Point Bending and

Rihards Gailitis1, Leonids Pakrastins1, Andina Sprince1

  • 1Institute of Structural Engineering, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas 6A, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers impact geopolymer composites. Steel fibers reduce long-term deflection, while PVA fibers increase it, correlating with microstructural porosity.

Keywords:
fiber-reinforced geopolymerfly ash-based geopolymer compositelong-term deflection

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Geopolymer Composites

Background:

  • Geopolymer composites offer sustainable alternatives to traditional concrete.
  • Understanding long-term performance, including deflection and microstructure, is crucial for their application.
  • Fiber reinforcement can enhance mechanical properties but may affect durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of low amounts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and steel fiber reinforcement on the long-term deflection and microstructure of fly ash-based geopolymer composites.
  • To compare the performance of fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites with plain (unreinforced) specimens.
  • To correlate microstructural characteristics with observed mechanical behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of geopolymer composite specimens with varying PVA and steel fiber content, alongside plain specimens.
  • Long-term deflection testing under sustained load (40% of ultimate flexural strength).
  • Microstructure analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on polished sections.

Main Results:

  • All fiber-reinforced composites exhibited lower flexural strength compared to plain geopolymer composites.
  • Specimens with 1% PVA fiber reinforcement showed the highest long-term deflections.
  • Specimens with 1% steel fiber reinforcement demonstrated the lowest long-term deflections and comparable specific creep to plain specimens.
  • Microanalysis revealed significantly higher porosity in 1% PVA fiber-reinforced specimens.

Conclusions:

  • Steel fiber reinforcement is effective in reducing long-term deflection in fly ash-based geopolymer composites.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforcement, particularly at 1%, can increase long-term deflection and porosity.
  • The microstructure, specifically porosity, plays a key role in the observed long-term deflection behavior of these composites.