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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Drug Classes and Categories01:25

Drug Classes and Categories

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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Drugs for COVID-19: An Update.

Jessica Ceramella1, Domenico Iacopetta1, Maria Stefania Sinicropi1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende, Italy.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This review tracks current pharmacological therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It highlights ongoing research for more effective treatments and vaccines against the global pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19JAKs inhibitorsNSAIDsSARS-CoV-2antibioticsanticoagulantsantiviralsimmunomodulatorsinterleukin inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2020, causing the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Despite significant research, the need for improved vaccines and therapies persists.
  • Pharmacological interventions are crucial for managing COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pharmacological therapies for COVID-19 treatment.
  • To provide an overview of the therapeutic landscape for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • To identify areas for future drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on COVID-19 pharmacological treatments.
  • Analysis of existing therapeutic strategies and their efficacy.
  • Synthesis of information on drug classes and mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Overview of various drug classes investigated for COVID-19 treatment.
  • Discussion of the successes and limitations of current therapies.
  • Identification of key pharmacological agents and treatment protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Current pharmacological therapies offer options for COVID-19 management.
  • Continuous research is essential to develop more effective treatments.
  • The review serves as a snapshot of the evolving therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.