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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Hunger and thirst are fundamental physiological drives crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the survival of both humans and animals. These drives are regulated through complex interactions between the brain, hormones, and sensory receptors.
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Associations between Hunger and Psychological Outcomes: A Large-Scale Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

Romain de Rivaz1, Joel Swendsen2, Sylvie Berthoz3,4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 46 Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nutrients
|December 11, 2022
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Hunger influences positive psychological states like feeling active and lively, and these states also affect hunger. However, hunger does not appear to impact negative emotions such as sadness or anxiety.

Keywords:
Ecological Momentary Assessmentepidemiologyfood intakehungerpsychology

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Previous research on hunger and psychological states was limited to lab settings or individuals with eating disorders.
  • Understanding this relationship in the general population is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional associations between hunger and various psychological states in community-dwelling adults.
  • To examine the influence of food intake on psychological states and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) with 748 adults over seven days, with assessments four times daily.
  • Measured hunger intensity, food intake, and psychological states including positive (active, lively) and negative (sad, anxious) emotions.
  • Employed time-lagged analyses to assess effects of hunger on subsequent psychological states and vice versa.

Main Results:

  • Increased hunger intensity was associated with subsequent increases in feeling active and lively, and a decrease in slow thinking.
  • Feeling active, lively, and restless predicted increased hunger intensity, while distraction and slow thinking predicted decreased hunger.
  • No significant associations were found between hunger, food intake, and negative psychological states like sadness, anxiety, or anger.

Conclusions:

  • Positive psychological states and hunger exhibit a reciprocal relationship in daily life.
  • Hunger does not appear to influence negative psychological states, contrary to potential assumptions.