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Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

Published on: July 9, 2016

Developmental change in children's speech processing of auditory and visual cues: An eyetracking study.

Tania S Zamuner¹, Theresa Rabideau¹, Margarethe McDonald^1,2

¹Department of Linguistics, University of Ottawa, Canada.

Journal of Child Language

|December 12, 2022

Summary

Children develop the ability to use visual speech cues for understanding words, with this skill emerging around age six. This research explores how auditory and visual speech aid word recognition across different age groups.

Keywords:

audiovisual speech lipreading word recognition

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Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm

Published on: May 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Speech Perception
Auditory-Visual Speech Processing

Background:

Young children show success in visual speech tasks, yet struggle with explicit speech processing measures.
A gap exists between visual speech processing abilities and explicit behavioral measures in children.
Understanding word recognition relies on integrating auditory and visual speech cues.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how children (2-8 years) and adults recognize words using auditory and visual speech.
To bridge the gap between visual-looking task successes and explicit behavioral measures in children's speech processing.
To examine the developmental trajectory of using visual speech cues for lexical access.

Main Methods:

Participants (children N=129, adults N=29) were presented with familiar words in audio-visual, audio-only, or visual-only modalities.
Following auditory-visual or auditory-only presentation, participants viewed target and distractor images.
Target image looking time was measured to assess word recognition accuracy across speech modalities.

Main Results:

Adults demonstrated high accuracy, with a slight decrease in visual-only recognition.
Children's looking times were above chance for audio-visual and audio-only conditions.
Visual-only word recognition was not above chance until age six, with earlier development for /k/-initial words.

Conclusions:

Flexible use of visual speech cues for lexical access develops gradually throughout childhood.
Explicit behavioral measures reveal a later emergence of visual speech processing compared to implicit tasks.
Auditory speech processing is robust in children, while visual speech integration develops over time.