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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

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Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.0K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Photo-induced phase-transitions in complex solids.

Sangeeta Rajpurohit1, Jacopo Simoni1, Liang Z Tan1

  • 1Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA srajpurohit@lbl.gov.

Nanoscale Advances
|December 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photo-induced phase-transitions (PIPTs) in complex quantum materials are driven by cooperative interactions, enabling ultrafast control of material properties. Understanding the nonlinear mechanisms of these light-induced phenomena requires advanced theoretical approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Photo-induced phase-transitions (PIPTs) are fundamental phenomena driven by cooperative interactions.
  • Complex quantum materials exhibit fascinating PIPTs, including light-induced charge density waves and ferroelectricity.
  • These materials offer a unique platform for studying PIPTs due to strong correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of PIPTs in complex materials.
  • To discuss theoretical methods for understanding PIPT mechanisms.
  • To highlight recent progress in nonequilibrium pathways of PIPTs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PIPTs.
  • Discussion of theoretical and computational approaches.
  • Analysis of experimental findings and theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • Complex quantum materials host diverse PIPTs.
  • Understanding PIPT mechanisms requires multiple theoretical perspectives.
  • Nonlinear dynamics and multiple scales characterize these transitions.

Conclusions:

  • PIPTs in complex materials are crucial for ultrafast property control.
  • Theoretical advancements are key to elucidating PIPT mechanisms.
  • Further research into nonequilibrium pathways will deepen our understanding.