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An ingroup disadvantage in recognizing micro-expressions.

Qi Wu1,2, Kunling Peng1,2, Yanni Xie1,2

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.

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Summary

People are better at recognizing others' hidden emotions (micro-expressions) when they belong to an outgroup, not an ingroup. This "ingroup disadvantage" occurs even with brief exposures and simple social cues.

Keywords:
Ingroup advantageemotion perceptioningroup disadvantageintergroup biasmacro-expressionmicro-expressionrecognition

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Nonverbal Communication

Background:

  • Micro-expressions are brief, involuntary facial expressions revealing concealed emotions.
  • Recognizing micro-expressions has significant applications in law enforcement, security, and healthcare.
  • The psychological underpinnings of micro-expression recognition, particularly social influences, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of the expresser's group membership on micro-expression recognition.
  • To determine if an ingroup advantage or disadvantage exists in micro-expression perception.

Main Methods:

  • Two behavioral studies were conducted to assess micro-expression recognition accuracy.
  • Participants identified intense and subtle micro-expressions from both racial ingroups and outgroups.
  • Social categorization was manipulated in subsequent studies to isolate its effect.

Main Results:

  • A significant 'ingroup disadvantage' was observed: participants recognized outgroup micro-expressions more accurately than ingroup ones.
  • This disadvantage persisted regardless of micro-expression duration or prior training.
  • Mere social categorization was sufficient to induce the ingroup disadvantage.

Conclusions:

  • Social category information is spontaneously utilized in micro-expression recognition.
  • The ingroup disadvantage in micro-expression recognition may stem from motivated differential processing of ingroup cues.
  • Findings challenge the typical ingroup advantage observed in macro-expression recognition.