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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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Using MazeSuite and Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Study Learning in Spatial Navigation
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Introduction to the shared near infrared spectroscopy format.

Stephen Tucker1, Jay Dubb1, Sreekanth Kura1

  • 1Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Neurophotonics
|December 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new standard file format, the Shared NIRS Format (SNIRF), has been developed for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. This format facilitates data sharing and analysis across different hardware and software platforms.

Keywords:
data formatdata sharingfunctional near-infrared spectroscopyshared near-infrared spectroscopy formatsoftwarestandardization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a widely used neuroimaging technique.
  • Lack of a standardized file format hinders fNIRS data sharing and software development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a flexible and well-defined file format for fNIRS data.
  • To facilitate consistent data analysis and sharing across platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Shared NIRS Format (SNIRF) specification.
  • Collaborated with the fNIRS academic and commercial community and the Society for functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • The SNIRF specification accommodates various fNIRS data types (continuous wave, frequency domain, time domain, diffuse correlation spectroscopy).
  • Validation software and example datasets are provided.
  • Major hardware and software platforms now support SNIRF.

Conclusions:

  • The SNIRF format has been widely adopted by the fNIRS community.
  • It successfully addresses the need for standardized fNIRS data storage, analysis, and sharing.