Association between gut microbiota and longevity: a genetic correlation and mendelian randomization study

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Microbiology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Longevity is a complex trait with an unclear genetic basis.
• The role of gut microbiota in human aging is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the genetic correlation between gut microbiota and longevity.
• To explore potential causal associations between gut microbiota and longevity-related traits.

Main Methods:

• Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) regression analysis was used to identify genetic correlations.
• Bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess causal relationships.
• Statistical tests for heterogeneity and pleiotropy were conducted to ensure the validity of MR findings.

Main Results:

• LDSC identified significant genetic correlations between specific gut bacteria (Veillonella, Roseburia, Collinsella, Sporobacter) and longevity, parental lifespan, and healthspan.
• MR analysis suggested a causal link between Collinsella and parental longevity (father's age at death).
• Reverse MR analysis indicated a causal effect of longevity on Sporobacter abundance in the gut.

Conclusions:

• The study provides evidence for a bidirectional causal association between gut microbiota and longevity.
• These findings contribute to understanding the gut microbiome's role in the aging process.