Chronic Exercise for Core Symptoms and Executive Functions in ADHD: A Meta-analysis
Huan Huang1, Zhijuan Jin2, Changshuang He1
1School of Exercise and Health.
Pediatrics
|December 13, 2022
Summary
Chronic exercise interventions (CEIs) show small-to-moderate benefits for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) core symptoms and executive functions (EFs) in young people. Closed-skill exercises notably improved ADHD symptoms more than open-skill exercises.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly impacts children and adolescents, affecting core symptoms and executive functions (EFs).
- The specific impact of chronic exercise interventions (CEIs) and their characteristics on ADHD symptoms and EFs requires further clarification.
- This study synthesizes evidence on the efficacy of CEIs for core ADHD symptoms and EFs in pediatric populations.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.
- Searched major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI) from inception to July 2022.
- Included RCTs evaluating CEIs in individuals aged 6–18 years with ADHD, focusing on core symptoms and/or EFs.
Key Points:
- Twenty-two RCTs involving children and adolescents with ADHD were analyzed.
- CEIs demonstrated small beneficial effects on overall ADHD core symptoms (SMD = -0.39) and inattention (SMD = -0.32).
- Closed-skill exercises yielded significant improvements in core symptoms (SMD = -0.83), unlike open-skill exercises. Moderate-to-large effects were observed for EFs.
Conclusions:
- CEIs offer small-to-moderate benefits for core ADHD symptoms and executive functions in children and adolescents.
- Exercise characteristics like session duration or total sessions did not significantly alter the pooled effects.
- Findings suggest CEIs are a viable supportive intervention for managing ADHD in youth.
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