Inkjet-Assisted Electroformation of Magnetically Guidable Water Striders for Interfacial Microfluidic Manipulation

Gerridae, colloquially called water striders, are a peculiar class of insects characterized by the extraordinary ability to walk on the surface of water bodies. Owing to this capacity, they constitute an ideal source of inspiration for designing untethered microdevices capable of navigating the interface between two fluids. Such steerable micrometric objects can be of great interest for various applications, ranging from the handling of floating objects to the remote control of microreactions and the manipulation of self-assembled monolayers. This paper describes the realization of artificial water striders via an inkjet-assisted electroforming approach. Inkjet deposition patterns the negative mask, which is subsequently filled with different layers of metals through electroforming. One of such layers is the magnetic alloy NiFe, which allows wireless propulsion of the striders by means of externally applied magnetic fields. The magnetic actuation tests prove good maneuverability at the water-air and silicone oil-air interfaces, with superior control over the speed and position of the devices. The surface of the devices is modified to tune its superficial energy in order to maximize buoyancy on these different combinations of fluids. A magnetic field-controlled strider manipulates a droplet and demonstrates collecting oil microdroplets and synthesizing platinum nanoparticles by chemical microreactions. Finally, the remotely operated microrobot could be employed in laboratories as a real avatar of chemists.