A Brief Review of Artificial Intelligence in Genitourinary Oncological Imaging

Genitourinary (GU) system is among the most commonly involved malignancy sites in the human body. Imaging plays a crucial role not only in diagnosis of cancer but also in disease management and its prognosis. However, interpretation of conventional imaging methods such as CT or MR imaging (MRI) usually demonstrates variability across different readers and institutions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology that could improve the patient care by providing helpful input to human readers through lesion detection algorithms and lesion classification systems. Moreover, the robustness of these models may be valuable in automating time-consuming tasks such as organ and lesion segmentations. Herein, we review the current state of imaging and existing challenges in GU malignancies, particularly for cancers of prostate, kidney and bladder; and briefly summarize the recent AI-based solutions to these challenges.