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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
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Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Prader-Willi syndrome.

Merlin G Butler1, A Kaitlyn Victor2,3, Lawrence T Reiter2,4

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. mbutler4@kumc.edu.

Clinical Autonomic Research : Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society
|December 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) involves autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, contributing to obesity and other symptoms like poor feeding and breathing issues. This study highlights ANS involvement in PWS and similar genetic obesity syndromes.

Keywords:
Autonomic nervous system dysfunctionNeurodevelopmentObesityPrader–Willi syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder affecting the 15q11.2-q13.1 region, characterized by hypotonia, developmental issues, and obesity.
  • PWS patients exhibit symptoms of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction alongside severe obesity.
  • Understanding ANS involvement is crucial for managing PWS and related genetic obesity syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).
  • To identify ANS-related symptoms contributing to obesity in PWS.
  • To compare ANS dysfunction in PWS with other genetic obesity syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for evidence of ANS involvement in PWS and related disorders.
  • Review of studies on childhood obesity syndromes.
  • Comparative analysis of syndromic obesity in PWS and other conditions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests an autonomic nervous system (ANS) route contributing to obesity in PWS.
  • Identified ANS-related symptoms include decreased salivation, sleep-disordered breathing, and altered pain/thermal thresholds.
  • Other findings include delayed gastric emptying, abnormal blood pressure, and pupillary responses indicating ANS dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is a significant feature in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).
  • ANS dysfunction contributes to obesity and other clinical manifestations in PWS.
  • Genetic factors underlying ANS dysfunction may play a role in PWS and other obesity syndromes.