Echogenic Bowel as an Indicator of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Term Newborn

A 3.5-kilogram infant was born at 40 weeks gestation with an uncomplicated delivery. Prenatal ultrasounds showed echogenic bowel and a ventricular septal defect (VSD), of no clinical significance. Abdominal radiographs showed pneumatosis at 21, 36, and 48 hours of life (HOL). She was treated for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with intravenous antibiotics and parenteral nutrition for 7 days, before working up on feeds and discharging home with breast milk. The only prenatal finding in this case was hyperechogenic bowel, which is a soft marker and often disregarded in the absence of other signs. Chronic intrauterine gut ischemia can cause hyperechogenicity of the bowel. That same intrauterine gut ischemia may have been responsible for NEC in our patient. If a patient has persistent echogenic bowel on prenatal imaging, a critical need exists to make sure NEC is not present.