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Sex-Specific Brain Activations during Single-Leg Exercise.

Kyoungyoun Park-Braswell¹, Dustin Grooms^2,3, Sandra Shultz⁴

¹Division of Health & Human Performance Indiana Wesleyan University.

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

|December 15, 2022

Summary

Females show greater brain activation in visual and premotor areas during knee movements compared to males. These sex differences in brain activity may influence knee motor control and injury risk.

Keywords:

ACL injury risk Musculoskeletal injuries risk fMRI neuromuscular control neuroplasticity neuroscience

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomechanics
Sex Differences Research

Background:

Females experience higher rates of musculoskeletal injuries than males.
Sex-based differences in neuromuscular control are known for planned movements.
Brain activity differences in lower extremity movement between sexes are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex-based differences in brain activation patterns during knee extension-flexion.
To test the hypothesis that females exhibit heightened cortical activation in somatosensory areas.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study design.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to collect blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals.
Healthy, physically active males (n=13) and females (n=17) performed active knee extension-flexion exercises.

Main Results:

Females displayed significantly greater activation in visual and premotor cortices compared to males.
Males showed significantly greater activation in the right cerebellum.
Distinct sex-based patterns of brain activation were observed during the movement.

Conclusions:

Significant sex differences exist in brain activation during simple knee movements.
Brain activity patterns associated with knee motor control may be influenced by biological sex.
Understanding these neural differences is crucial for addressing sex-based injury risks.