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Published on: February 12, 2017
Onco-biome in pharmacotherapy for lung cancer: a narrative review
Akiko T Tateishi1, Yusuke Okuma1
1Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Background And Objective:
The gut microbiota (GM) was recently recognized to play an important role in modulating systemic immune responses and is known to influence the effects or adverse events of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) or carcinogenesis by crosstalk with regulators of cancer-related immunity, and this relationship is complex and multifactorial. Diversity in the gut microbiome and the abundance of specific bacterial species have been identified to be associated with better response and prognosis. Therefore, the purpose of the current interest in the gut microbiome is to enable modulation of the immune system in donor cancer patients by the administration of specific bacterial species and enabling their dominance. To understand this "terra incognita" is to uncover the role of the mechanisms underlying unknown organ functions, and this knowledge will lead to enhanced immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.
Methods:
In this article, we summarized the literature on the relationship between the microbiome and lung cancer and the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target.
Key Content And Findings:
This article is organized into the following sections: introduction, methods, microbiota and cancer development, microbiota and lung cancer treatment, future directions, and conclusion.
Conclusions:
The gut microbiome is currently becoming the hallmark of cancer research and has an established and critical role in regulating antitumor immunity and the response to ICB in patients with lung cancers.
Insights
The gut microbiome influences lung cancer treatment and immunity. Modulating gut bacteria may enhance immunotherapy effectiveness for cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Oncology
Background:
- The gut microbiota (GM) modulates systemic immune responses.
- GM influences immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy and adverse events in cancer.
- Microbiome diversity and specific bacteria correlate with better lung cancer response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the complex relationship between the gut microbiome and lung cancer.
- To identify the potential of the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
- To understand how modulating the gut microbiome can enhance immunotherapy in lung cancer patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on microbiome and lung cancer.
- Analysis of studies on microbiota's role in cancer development and treatment.
- Examination of mechanisms underlying gut microbiome's influence on cancer immunity.
Main Results:
- Gut microbiome diversity and specific bacterial species are linked to improved lung cancer prognosis.
- The gut microbiome plays a critical role in regulating antitumor immunity.
- Microbiome composition affects patient response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Conclusions:
- The gut microbiome is a key factor in lung cancer research.
- Targeting the gut microbiome offers potential for enhanced lung cancer immunotherapy.
- Understanding the gut microbiome's role is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.
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