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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Pattern-setting for improving risky decision-making.

Kodi B Arfer1

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|December 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Setting choice patterns can improve self-control. A study found that when participants were guided by a choice schedule, they made better decisions, enhancing long-term behavioral patterns.

Keywords:
behavioral economicshumansresponse patternsrisk takingself-control

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral economics
  • Decision science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Self-control involves prioritizing long-term goals over immediate gratification.
  • A novel strategy, pattern-setting, proposes that individual choices can be influenced by larger behavioral patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of pattern-setting in enhancing self-control in decision-making.
  • To determine if forcing participants to adhere to a choice schedule improves their selection of a better, albeit delayed, option.

Main Methods:

  • 169 college students participated in a study involving repeated choices between two gambles.
  • Participants were divided into groups: 'patterned' (guided by a schedule) and 'control' (free choice).
  • The better gamble offered a higher win probability but involved an uncertain waiting period.

Main Results:

  • On free-choice trials, 'patterned' subjects selected the better gamble more frequently than control subjects.
  • The positive effect of pattern-setting on decision-making was observed more immediately rather than through gradual learning.
  • An additional condition, where participants were forced to choose the better gamble, produced inconclusive results.

Conclusions:

  • Pattern-setting emerges as a viable strategy for improving decision-making and self-control.
  • The immediate impact of pattern-setting suggests a direct influence on choice behavior.
  • Further research may explore the nuances of forced-choice conditions and long-term adherence to patterns.