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Birch Pollen Allergens.

Lisha Li1, Christopher Chang2, Kai Guan1

  • 1Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China, 100730.

Current Protein & Peptide Science
|December 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Birch pollen is a major allergen causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. Identifying specific IgE to the major allergen Bet v 1 accurately diagnoses birch allergy and predicts cross-reactivity.

Keywords:
Bet v 1Birchallergen immunotherapyallergensallergic rhinitiscross-reactivityoral allergy syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Birch pollen is a significant airborne allergen in temperate regions, causing allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies.
  • Sensitization rates to birch pollen range from 8-16% in the general population and up to 57% in allergy clinic patients.
  • Seven birch pollen allergens are recognized, with Bet v 1 being the primary major allergen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) in differentiating true birch allergy from cross-reactivity.
  • To emphasize the role of specific IgE to Bet v 1 in diagnosing birch allergy and predicting related conditions.
  • To discuss the development and potential of recombinant Bet v 1-based hypoallergens for immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing component-resolved diagnostics to analyze specific IgE responses to birch pollen allergens.
  • Comparing serum anti-Bet v 1 IgE levels in symptomatic versus asymptomatic birch-sensitized individuals.
  • Reviewing the development of recombinant Bet v 1 and its modified hypoallergen forms.

Main Results:

  • Specific IgE testing to Bet v 1 accurately distinguishes true birch allergy from cross-reactivity due to pan-allergens (Bet v 2, 4, 7).
  • Patients with allergic symptoms to birch pollen exhibit significantly higher serum anti-Bet v 1 IgE concentrations.
  • Elevated IgE levels to Bet v 1 correlate with oral allergy syndrome to cross-reactive foods like Rosaceae fruits and Apiaceae vegetables.

Conclusions:

  • Component-resolved diagnostics, particularly targeting Bet v 1, are crucial for accurate birch allergy diagnosis and management.
  • Bet v 1-specific IgE levels serve as a biomarker for birch allergy severity and associated oral allergy syndrome.
  • Recombinant Bet v 1 technology offers promising avenues for developing effective allergen immunotherapy strategies.