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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

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Implementation of a Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-Based COVID-19 Tracking Device in a High School: Mixed Methods Study.

Dan Li1, Tyler Shelby1, Marie Brault1

  • 1Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.

JMIR Formative Research
|December 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-based Infection Tracking (HABIT) identified unique contacts missed by traditional methods. Technical issues hindered implementation, but the technology shows promise for augmenting public health surveillance.

Keywords:
Bluetooth deviceCOVID-19contact tracingdigital contact tracingimplementation sciencemixed methodsschool healthsecondary school

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Technology

Background:

  • Traditional contact tracing (TCT) is resource-intensive and potentially unsustainable during pandemics.
  • Limitations of TCT necessitate innovative solutions for infectious disease prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance and implementation of a Bluetooth-based device, Hardware-Assisted Bluetooth-based Infection Tracking (HABIT), in a high school setting.
  • To compare HABIT's contact identification capabilities against TCT.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot implementation study using mock case simulations to compare TCT and HABIT.
  • Embedded mixed methods evaluation using surveys and focus groups based on the RE-AIM framework.

Main Results:

  • HABIT uniquely identified 16.1% of close contacts missed by TCT.
  • While most contacts were identified by interview alone (78.9%), HABIT detected a significant number of unique contacts.
  • Users reported high acceptance and emotional security, but prototype design and technical difficulties posed implementation barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Technical challenges impeded HABIT's uptake and sustained use in a high school.
  • Electronic technologies like HABIT can augment traditional contact tracing by identifying unique contacts.
  • Addressing user preferences and technical issues is crucial for the successful integration of such technologies into public health surveillance.