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Planetary transmission performance tests at very low temperatures.

Jakub Sikorski1, Witold Pawlowski2

  • 1Institute of Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537, Lodz, Poland. jakub.sikorski@p.lodz.pl.

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|December 17, 2022
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Summary

This study tested a lightweight planetary transmission designed for extreme cold, down to -190°C. The results confirm its suitability for space and Mars robotic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Planetary transmissions are crucial for robotic systems in extreme environments.
  • Lightweight materials and specialized lubrication are key for space applications.
  • Understanding performance at cryogenic temperatures is essential for extraterrestrial missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the motion resistance and power consumption of a multi-stage planetary transmission at cryogenic temperatures.
  • To assess the applicability of the developed transmission for manipulators operating in open space and on extraterrestrial bodies like Mars.
  • To compare the performance of the tested transmission with existing space-based mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a multi-stage planetary gear using aluminum alloy 2017 and X65Cr14 steel ball bearings.
  • Lubrication with molybdenum disulfide powder.
  • Performance testing involving gradual temperature reduction to -190°C using liquid nitrogen.
  • Analysis of power consumption as a function of temperature.
  • Comparison with operational parameters of existing space mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Detailed analysis of power consumption across a wide temperature range, including cryogenic conditions.
  • Demonstrated performance characteristics suitable for extreme cold environments.
  • Validation of the gearing's applicability for extraterrestrial drive systems.

Conclusions:

  • The lightweight planetary transmission demonstrates robust performance at cryogenic temperatures.
  • The tested gearing is suitable for drive systems in manipulators intended for space and Mars exploration.
  • The study provides crucial data for the design of robotic components for extreme environments.