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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

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The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
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Organization of the Brain01:30

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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 17, 2025

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
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Development of the brain ventricular system from a comparative perspective.

Vladimir Korzh1

  • 1International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|December 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Zebrafish models offer unique advantages for studying brain ventricular system (BVS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, particularly for conditions like scoliosis, due to their aquatic environment simulating gravitational forces. This research highlights zebrafish as a valuable tool for understanding BVS development and CSF circulation.

Keywords:
brain ventriclechoroid plexuscircumventricular organsembryonic cerebrospinal fluidhydrocephaluslow Wnt/ β-catenin signalingslit-ventricle syndromevoltage-gated K channel

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Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain
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The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 17, 2025

3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in Humans and Mouse
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Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain
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The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow
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The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • The brain ventricular system (BVS) circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), essential for brain health.
  • Disruptions in CSF flow are implicated in hydrocephalus, scoliosis, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Mammalian models have limitations in studying gravity-dependent CSF dynamics relevant to scoliosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the brain ventricular system (BVS) in zebrafish and vertebrates.
  • To highlight the utility of zebrafish as a model for studying BVS development and CSF circulation.
  • To explore the genetic regulation of BVS and CSF flow.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of vertebrate and zebrafish BVS.
  • Review of functional genetics studies in zebrafish.
  • Examination of CSF flow dynamics in aquatic models.

Main Results:

  • Zebrafish possess evolutionary adaptations aiding CSF flow, similar to gravity's effect in humans.
  • Their aquatic environment and swimming behavior mimic gravitational forces relevant to scoliosis research.
  • Functional genetics in zebrafish have identified key genes regulating BVS and CSF circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Zebrafish are a powerful model for investigating BVS development, CSF production by the choroid plexus, and CSF flow.
  • The zebrafish model is particularly advantageous for studying scoliosis and hydrocephalus.
  • Further research using zebrafish can elucidate genetic factors influencing BVS anomalies.