Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Time Series Prediction and Forecasting of Ten Nations' COVID-19 Pandemic

In the paper, the authors investigated and predicted the future environmental circumstances of a COVID-19 to minimize its effects using artificial intelligence techniques. The experimental investigation of COVID-19 instances has been performed in ten countries, including India, the United States, Russia, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Turkey, Germany, and France using machine learning, deep learning, and time series models. The confirmed, deceased, and recovered datasets from January 22, 2020, to May 29, 2021, of Novel COVID-19 cases were considered from the Kaggle COVID dataset repository. The country-wise Exploratory Data Analysis visually represents the active, recovered, closed, and death cases from March 2020 to May 2021. The data are pre-processed and scaled using a MinMax scaler to extract and normalize the features to obtain an accurate prediction rate. The proposed methodology employs Random Forest Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, K Nearest Regressor, Lasso Regression, Linear Regression, Bayesian Regression, Theilsen Regression, Kernel Ridge Regressor, RANSAC Regressor, XG Boost, Elastic Net Regressor, Facebook Prophet Model, Holt Model, Stacked Long Short-Term Memory, and Stacked Gated Recurrent Units to predict active COVID-19 confirmed, death, and recovered cases. Out of different machine learning, deep learning, and time series models, Random Forest Regressor, Facebook Prophet, and Stacked LSTM outperformed to predict the best results for COVID-19 instances with the lowest root-mean-square and highest R ² score values.