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Volatile Compound Emissions from Stereolithography Three-Dimensional Printed Cured Resin Models for Biomedical

Y Lan Pham1,2, Wojciech Wojnowski3,4, Jonathan Beauchamp1

  • 1Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354Freising, Germany.

Chemical Research in Toxicology
|December 19, 2022
PubMed
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Biocompatibility testing of 3D printed resins for breath sampling found two biomedical-grade resins safe. A general-purpose resin emitted high volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exceeding safe intake levels for critical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Stereolithography 3D printing is expanding in healthcare.
  • Concerns exist regarding volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from 3D printed resins.
  • Patient safety requires evaluating VOC exposure from medical devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the biocompatibility of 3D printed resins for breath sampling devices.
  • To quantify and identify VOCs emitted from different 3D printing resins.
  • To compare VOC exposure levels with toxicological safety thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized microchamber/thermal extractor coupled to proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry for VOC analysis.
  • Employed comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for compound identification.

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  • Estimated daily inhalation exposure and compared with tolerable intake levels.

    • Main Results:

    • General-purpose resin emitted VOCs an order of magnitude higher than biomedical resins.
    • Propylene glycol and methyl acrylate emissions exceeded tolerable intake levels for the general-purpose resin.
    • Two resins intended for biomedical applications showed acceptable VOC emission profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • Biomedical-grade resins are suitable for 3D printing breath sampling mouthpiece adapters.
    • General-purpose resins are unsuitable due to excessive VOC emissions.
    • Rigorous testing is crucial for 3D printed medical devices.