Describing Occupational Therapy Services in Primary Care Settings: A Qualitative Study

Area of Science:

• Primary Care
• Occupational Therapy
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Occupational therapists (OTs) are increasingly recognized for their roles within primary care settings.
• Understanding the scope and value of OT services in primary care is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the services provided by occupational therapists in primary care.
• To identify the benefits, interventions, and challenges associated with OT practice in primary care.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews with six licensed occupational therapists in the United States.
• Interview transcripts were analyzed using consensus coding by six researchers.

Main Results:

• Four major themes emerged: Primary Care Benefits, Occupational Therapy Process and Distinct Value, Primary Care Interventions, and Complexities of Primary Care.
• Therapists highlighted benefits of primary care positioning, problem-solving patient barriers, and navigating funding/logistical challenges.
• Emphasis on 'occupation-based practice' and 'doing' is vital for advocating OT services.

Conclusions:

• Occupational therapists offer distinct value and numerous benefits within primary care.
• Successful integration requires addressing complexities related to patient conditions and systemic challenges.
• Advocating for occupation-based practice is essential for OTs in primary care.