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Do executive function performance, gaze behavior, and pupil size change during incremental acute physical exercise?

Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque¹, Beatriz Hooper¹, Iasmin Oliveira de Sousa Viana¹

¹Neurosciences of Physical Activity and Sports Research Group, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Psychophysiology

|December 20, 2022

Summary

High-intensity exercise impacts executive functions (EFs). While moderate exercise improves EFs, intense exercise above the lactate threshold (LT) impairs cognitive accuracy, though response times may quicken.

Keywords:

Pupillometry executive functions exercise exercise intensities

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Exercise Physiology
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

The relationship between physical exercise and cognitive function is well-documented.
However, the effects of acute high-intensity exercise on executive functions (EFs) remain underexplored.
Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing performance in demanding physical activities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of different exercise intensities on executive functions (EFs).
To analyze cognitive performance, gaze behavior, and pupil diameter during incremental exercise.
To differentiate effects below, at, and above the lactate threshold (LT).

Main Methods:

Twenty participants underwent familiarization and a graded maximal exercise test.
Executive functions were assessed at rest and during exercise at three intensities (below LT, at LT, above LT) using mobile eye-tracking.
Measurements included EFs performance accuracy, response time, gaze behavior, and pupil diameter.

Main Results:

Executive function accuracy significantly decreased during exercise above LT compared to rest and below LT.
Response times were faster at LT and above LT compared to rest, and faster above LT than below LT.
Exercise, regardless of intensity, increased fixation count and decreased fixation duration; pupil diameter showed no significant changes.

Conclusions:

Exercise at the lactate threshold (LT) enhances executive function performance.
Exercise above LT impairs executive function accuracy but may improve response speed.
Pupil diameter is not a reliable indicator of cognitive changes during acute exercise of varying intensities.