Recent progress in one dimensional TiO₂ nanomaterials as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Exploiting the vast possibilities of crystal and electronic structural modifications in TiO₂ based nanomaterials creatively attracted the scientific community to various energy applications. A dye sensitised solar cell, which converts photons into electricity, is considered a viable solution for the generation of electricity. TiO₂ nanomaterials were well accepted as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells, and possess non-toxicity, high surface area, high electron transport rates, fine tuneable band gap, high resistance to photo corrosion and optimum pore size for better diffusion of dye and electrolyte. This review focuses on various aspects of TiO₂ nanomaterials as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. TiO₂ photoanode modification via doping and morphological variations were discussed in detail. The impact of various morphologies on the design of TiO₂ photoanodes was particularly stressed.