Assessment of Predictors of Infection in Primary Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Case-control Study

Objective This study assesses risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection after elective primary total knee or hip arthroplasty. Methods  The study included 706 medical records of patients undergoing elective primary total hip or knee arthroplasty from January to December 2018. We used a multivariate analysis of infection predictors through a logistic regression model. The R software performed all statistical analysis. Results  The prevalence of infection in the sample was 2.0% (14 cases). Most patients were women (79.6%), with an afflicted right side (50.6%), and underwent a total knee arthroplasty (61.3%). Significant risk factors ( p  < 0.05) for infection included surgical time greater than 120 minutes ( p  = 0.009) and a history of diabetes ( p  = 0.025). Conclusion  The risk of infection after elective primary total knee or hip arthroplasty is higher when the surgical procedure is lengthy (over 120 minutes), or the patient has a history of diabetes mellitus. Level of Evidence  IIIB, retrospective, case-control study.