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Surface plasmons in anisotropic 3D gapped topological insulators.

Yu Zhou¹, M N Chen¹

¹School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|December 21, 2022

Summary

Topological insulators (TIs) exhibit conductive surfaces and insulating bulk, ideal for plasmonics. This study extends surface plasmon calculations to anisotropic TIs, revealing two distinct surface plasmon modes influenced by material properties.

Keywords:

Hall conductivity anisotropy surface plasmons topological insulator

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Electromagnetism

Background:

Topological insulators (TIs) possess unique conductive surface and insulating bulk properties.
Common TIs like Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 exhibit significant anisotropy in dielectric constants.
Anisotropy in TIs presents unique opportunities and challenges for plasmonic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend electromagnetic calculations of surface plasmons to anisotropic topological insulators.
To investigate the impact of anisotropy on surface plasmon modes.
To model and analyze the behavior of surface plasmons in materials like Bi2Te3.

Main Methods:

Modeling anisotropic TIs as bulk dielectrics with differing in-plane and out-of-plane permittivities.
Extending electromagnetic calculations to include anisotropy and perpendicular magnetic fields.
Deriving the conductivity tensor for Bi2Te3, considering hexagonal warping.
Solving for surface plasmon modes and using finite element method for electric field distribution.

Main Results:

Identified two distinct surface plasmon modes in anisotropic TIs, instead of the typical single mode.
Observed a quasi-transverse electric (TE) polarized mode near the interband transition threshold.
Found a dominant mode with both TE and transverse magnetic components at lower frequencies, significantly modified by Hall conductivity.
Calculated electric field distributions using the finite element method.

Conclusions:

Anisotropic TIs support unique surface plasmon modes due to their dielectric properties.
The presence of two modes and their characteristics offer new possibilities for plasmonic devices.
The developed model and findings are applicable to other anisotropic surface-conductive materials.