Acoustic distortion products in rabbit ear canal. I. Basic features and physiological vulnerability

In contrast to evoked otoacoustic emissions, acoustic distortion products (DPs) recorded from the ear canal are present at predictable frequencies with respect to their primary tones, f1 and f2. Such specificity may provide detailed frequency-place information concerning the functional state of limited regions of the organ of Corti following experimental intervention. However, to date, it is not clear whether emitted DPs solely reflect activity at the basilar-membrane regions of primary tones or if the remote DP site makes a significant contribution to the emitted signal measured in the ear canal. We have investigated a number of the general features of acoustic-DP generation in the rabbit so that, in later experiments, the contributions of specific basilar-membrane regions involved in generating these DPs can be identified using techniques designed to manipulate their normal properties. The first report describes the outcome of systematic manipulations of a number of stimulus conditions and alterations to the physiological state of the cochlea by exposure to fatiguing sound or anoxia. Experimental findings for the 2f1-f2 DP showed that, in general, the relations of the levels and frequency of the primary tones to DP magnitude were consistent with previously published data from other mammalian species. Additional observations for other odd-order intermodulation DPs at the 3f1-2f2 and 2f2-f1 frequencies suggested that the basic attributes of the acoustic DPs were similarly affected by systematic manipulation of the basic parameters of the primary tones and the general metabolic state of the cochlea. General anesthesia, however, did not affect DP amplitude. A companion paper describes the results of a series of subsequent experiments using response-suppression, interfering-tone, and temporary threshold shift techniques which address more directly the issue of which basilar-membrane sites contribute to the generation of different acoustic DPs.