Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Combat Sports Science
• Sports Performance Analysis

Background:

• Effective strike impact evaluation is crucial for optimizing training, conditioning, and tactical applications in combat sports.
• Understanding force dynamics in ground and pound strikes is essential for skill development and injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the net force variability of ground and pound strikes across different genders and performance levels.
• To compare the impact characteristics of elbow strikes and palm strikes.

Main Methods:

• Eighty-one participants (professional men, advanced men, advanced women) performed strikes into a force plate.
• Net force variability, peak force, and impulse were measured for direct punch, elbow, and palm strikes.
• Statistical analysis was performed to compare strike characteristics across participant groups.

Main Results:

• The elbow strike yielded the highest impulse, whereas the palm strike generated the highest peak force across all groups.
• Direct punch and elbow strikes exhibited a double-peak net force curve, with the first peak accounting for 70.2-84% of net force.
• A secondary peak in elbow strikes was more pronounced in professional men, contributing 16% to net force variability.

Conclusions:

• Strike type significantly influences impact net force and its characteristics.
• The palm strike is recommended for its high peak impact tolerance, suitable for beginners and advanced athletes.
• The elbow strike's double-peak force profile and high impulse offer distinct tactical advantages.