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Related Concept Videos

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MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Leaf rust responsive miRNA and their target genes in wheat.

Neelu Jain1, Aalok Shiv1, Nivedita Sinha1

  • 1Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India.

Functional & Integrative Genomics
|December 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study identified novel microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in wheat leaf rust resistance. Results reveal complex interactions between miRNAs, target genes, and epigenetic factors in disease resistance pathways.

Keywords:
Disease resistanceLeaf rustMicroRNAWheat

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene regulation and plant defense mechanisms.
  • Understanding miRNA-target interactions is essential for deciphering plant disease resistance pathways.
  • Leaf rust, caused by *Puccinia triticina*, poses a significant threat to wheat production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize miRNAs and their target genes involved in leaf rust resistance in wheat.
  • To investigate the regulatory roles of differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets in response to leaf rust.
  • To explore the interplay between miRNAs, target genes, and epigenetic modifications in disease resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and degradome analysis were employed for miRNA and target gene identification.
  • RNA sequencing data was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
  • Bioinformatic predictions and degradome-based validation were utilized for target gene identification.

Main Results:

  • 506 known and 346 novel miRNAs were identified.
  • 5054 target genes were identified, with 4557 predicted in silico and 497 validated by degradome analysis.
  • A subset of 128 targets showed differential expression, with 58 exhibiting an inverse relationship with differentially expressed miRNAs.
  • Eight conserved miRNAs known to be involved in plant fungal disease responses were identified.
  • Target genes involved in disease resistance pathways (e.g., peroxidases, auxin signaling) were identified.
  • 51 target genes showed differential methylation, suggesting epigenetic regulation.

Conclusions:

  • A complex interplay exists among miRNA genes, target genes, and epigenetic controls in regulating wheat leaf rust resistance.
  • miRNAs and their targets, along with epigenetic modifications, are key components of downstream disease resistance pathways.
  • The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-pathogen interactions and disease resistance.