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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Author Spotlight: Dermatopathology and the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Paediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update.

Ivan Bristow1

  • 1Private Practice, Lymington, Hampshire SO41 9AH, UK.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes common warts in children, which often resolve on their own. Plantar warts are difficult to treat, but new therapies like immunotherapy show promise.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cutaneous warts, caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), are highly prevalent in children, affecting over 40% in their second decade of life.
  • Wart virus carriage is higher in children with active lesions and their families.
  • Specific HPV subtypes (2, 27, 57, 63) are common in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pediatric cutaneous warts, focusing on plantar warts (verrucae).
  • To evaluate the efficacy of existing treatments for recalcitrant warts.
  • To explore promising novel therapeutic modalities for challenging wart cases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies and literature published over the last decade.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for common and plantar warts in pediatric populations.
Keywords:
pediatric warts verrucae prevalence HPV

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  • Review of emerging treatment options, including immunotherapy and hyperthermia.

    • Main Results:

    • Most childhood warts resolve spontaneously, irrespective of treatment.
    • Plantar warts are more treatment-resistant than other cutaneous warts.
    • Limited evidence of significant treatment innovation for recalcitrant warts over the past 30 years.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite spontaneous resolution in many cases, plantar warts present therapeutic challenges.
    • Novel treatments like immunotherapy (vaccine injections) and microwave-induced hyperthermia offer potential for improved management of recalcitrant pediatric warts.