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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...

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Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

From Basic Radiobiology to Translational Radiotherapy.

Piyawan Chailapakul¹, Takamitsu A Kato¹

¹Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|December 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This special issue explores advances in basic radiobiology and their application to improve radiotherapy. It bridges fundamental science with clinical practice for better cancer treatment outcomes.

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Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

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Area of Science:

Radiobiology
Translational Oncology
Radiation Therapy

Background:

Focuses on the latest breakthroughs in fundamental radiobiology research.
Explores the critical link between basic science discoveries and clinical radiotherapy applications.

Discussion:

Highlights how novel radiobiology insights can enhance current radiotherapy techniques.
Discusses the challenges and opportunities in translating basic research findings into improved patient treatments.

Key Insights:

Emphasizes the importance of understanding cellular and molecular responses to radiation.
Showcases innovative approaches to optimize radiation therapy efficacy and minimize side effects.

Outlook:

Predicts future directions in radiobiology and its impact on personalized radiotherapy.
Encourages further interdisciplinary collaboration to accelerate translational radiotherapy research.