Novel Experimental Setup for Coulometric Signal Transduction of Ion-Selective Electrodes

In this work, a novel and versatile experimental setup for coulometric signal transduction of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is introduced and studied. It is based on a constant potential coulometric measurement carried out using a one-compartment three-electrode electrochemical cell. In the setup, a potassium ion-selective electrode (K⁺- ISE) is connected as the reference electrode (RE). A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-based electrode with a dummy membrane (DM) and a glassy carbon (GC) rod are connected as the working electrode (WE) and counter electrode (CE), respectively. Adding a non-selective dummy membrane to the structure of the WE facilitates the regulation of the measured signal and response time. The results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements carried out on the WE showed that the time constant is profoundly influenced by the dummy membrane thickness. In addition, the redox capacitance of the PEDOT:PSS film shows a better correlation with the electrode area than the film thickness. Sequential addition/dilution experiments showed the improvement of current and cumulated charge signals in the new setup studied in this work compared to the setup used in the original coulometric signal transduction method. Both conventional ISEs and solid-contact ISEs (SCISEs) were used in this work. The results showed that the coulometric response was independent of the type of ISE used as RE, confirming the versatility of the novel set-up.