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Malolactic Fermentation: New Approaches to Old Problems.

Junwei Fu1, Ling Wang2, Jingxian Sun2

  • 1School of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.

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|December 23, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malolactic fermentation (MLF), a key secondary fermentation in winemaking, converts malic acid to lactic acid. This review updates research on improving MLF effectiveness and reliability amid changing wine environments.

Keywords:
global climate changelactic acid bacteriamalolactic fermentationwine quality

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Area of Science:

  • Enology
  • Food Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Malolactic fermentation (MLF) is a critical secondary fermentation in winemaking, converting L-malic acid to L-lactic acid via lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
  • MLF significantly influences the sensory profile of red and some white wines, but spontaneous fermentations are often unpredictable, potentially leading to wine spoilage.
  • Traditional MLF practices face challenges due to climate change impacts on grape must composition, increased demands for production efficiency, and consumer desire for high-quality wines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent research findings on enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of malolactic fermentation in wine production.
  • To provide a current reference for enologists and researchers studying MLF under evolving environmental and industrial conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent scientific publications on malolactic fermentation in winemaking.
  • Analysis of research addressing challenges posed by climate change, production efficiency, and quality demands.

Main Results:

  • Recent research focuses on optimizing starter culture selection and application for more predictable MLF outcomes.
  • Studies explore modifications to fermentation conditions and substrate to improve LAB performance and wine quality.
  • Advancements aim to mitigate risks associated with spontaneous MLF and ensure consistent results.

Conclusions:

  • Improving the effectiveness and dependability of MLF is crucial for modern winemaking, especially given current environmental and market pressures.
  • Continued research into starter cultures, fermentation management, and understanding the wine matrix is essential for consistent, high-quality MLF.
  • This review highlights the need for adaptable MLF strategies to meet the evolving demands of the wine industry.