Ceramic Nanomaterials in Caries Prevention: A Narrative Review.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biotechnology
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Ceramic nanomaterials are versatile nanoscale inorganic solids developed since the 1980s.
• They are increasingly researched for dental applications due to stability and cost-effectiveness compared to metallic nanoparticles.
• Their potential in preventing dental caries stems from unique mineralizing and antibacterial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of ceramic nanomaterials for dental caries prevention.
• To highlight the antibacterial and mineralizing mechanisms of these nanomaterials.
• To discuss various types of ceramic nanomaterials used in caries prevention.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on ceramic nanomaterials for dental applications.
• Analysis of the properties of different ceramic nanomaterials, including calcium-based, bioactive glass-based, and silica-based nanoparticles.
• Examination of the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials prevent caries.

Main Results:

• Ceramic nanomaterials exhibit antibacterial properties that inhibit cariogenic biofilm.
• They possess mineralizing capabilities that promote tooth remineralization and maintain pH equilibrium.
• Specific examples include hydroxyapatite-based, bioactive glass-based, and silica-based nanoparticles, each with distinct beneficial properties.

Conclusions:

• Ceramic nanomaterials are effective in preventing dental caries through combined antibacterial and mineralizing actions.
• These nanomaterials represent a significant advancement in developing novel strategies for oral health.
• Further research into conjugated ceramic nanoparticles with enhanced properties is ongoing.