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Related Concept Videos

Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
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Personal Cooling Garments: A Review.

Song Ren1, Mengyao Han1, Jian Fang1

  • 1College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.

Polymers
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Personal cooling garments (PCGs) offer a sustainable solution for thermal comfort and reducing heat stress. This review categorizes PCGs by power needs, detailing materials, principles, and research progress for wider application.

Keywords:
air coolingice coolingliquid coolingpersonal cooling garmentsphase change material coolingradiative coolingthermal comfortthermoelectric cooling

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Maintaining thermal comfort is crucial for human well-being, especially in hot climates or demanding work environments.
  • Heat stress poses significant health risks and reduces productivity.
  • Traditional building cooling is energy-intensive and often insufficient for personal needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of personal cooling garments (PCGs).
  • To categorize PCGs based on their electrical power requirements.
  • To highlight research progress, applications, challenges, and future directions for PCG technology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on personal cooling garments.
  • Classification of PCGs into categories based on power supply needs (e.g., active vs. passive).
  • Analysis of cooling materials, working principles, and technological advancements.

Main Results:

  • PCGs offer a direct and efficient method for personal thermal regulation.
  • Two main categories of PCGs identified based on power requirements.
  • Detailed insights into materials, operational mechanisms, and current research frontiers are presented.
  • Various application fields for different cooling strategies are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • PCGs represent a promising sustainable technology for mitigating heat stress and enhancing thermal comfort.
  • Addressing current limitations and pursuing further development can significantly expand the potential of PCGs.
  • This review aims to guide future research and development in the field of personal cooling solutions.