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External Female Genitals

External Female Genitals

The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...

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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

A Modified Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy

A Modified Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy

Published on: June 8, 2022

Microsurgical Gender Affirmation Surgery.

Andrew J Watt^1,2, Bauback Safa^1,3,4, Mang L Chen⁵

¹The Buncke Clinic, San Francisco, California.

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

|December 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews phalloplasty techniques for transgender men, focusing on creating a functional phallus for urination and sexual activity. The preferred method involves single-stage urethral lengthening with a radial forearm flap, detailing surgical steps and potential complications.

Keywords:

anterolateral thigh flap anterolateral thigh phalloplasty gender gender affirmation genital surgery phalloplasty radial forearm phalloplasty

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Area of Science:

Surgical reconstruction
Transgender health
Genitourinary surgery

Background:

Phalloplasty is a complex surgery for female-to-male transgender individuals.
Goals include functional (urinary, sexual) and aesthetic outcomes.
Urethral lengthening is crucial for functional reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

To review phalloplasty techniques for transgender men.
To describe methods for urethral lengthening and neophallus creation.
To emphasize a preferred single-stage radial forearm flap technique.

Main Methods:

Review of surgical techniques for perineal urethral segment creation.
Discussion of primary flaps for neophallus construction.
Detailed explanation of single-stage urethral lengthening with radial forearm flap.

Main Results:

Outlines various surgical approaches for phalloplasty.
Highlights the radial forearm flap as a preferred method.
Includes a review of surgical techniques and associated complications.

Conclusions:

Phalloplasty aims to create a functional and aesthetic phallus.
Urethral lengthening is key to achieving functional goals.
Single-stage radial forearm flap phalloplasty is a viable reconstruction method.