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COVID-19 vaccination in children: a public health priority
Eduardo Jorge da Fonseca Lima1, Robério Dias Leite2
1Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE, Brazil; Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde (FPS), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Insights
COVID-19 impacted children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- COVID-19 significantly affected children's health globally.
- Pediatric populations faced unique challenges due to the pandemic's direct and indirect health consequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review epidemiological and clinical data on COVID-19 in children.
- To analyze the pandemic's consequences and vaccination strategies for pediatric populations.
Main Methods:
- Literature search conducted from January 2020 to November 2022.
- Databases searched included MEDLINE (PubMed) and publications from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics.
Main Results:
- Most pediatric COVID-19 cases were mild, but severe forms and MIS-C occurred.
- Long COVID affected 25.24% of children; indirect health impacts were also noted.
- Pediatric vaccination, though delayed, proved crucial in reducing severe disease and mortality, with vaccines like CoronaVac and Pfizer demonstrating effectiveness and safety.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 caused significant illness and mortality in children.
- Overcoming immunization barriers is essential for successful pediatric vaccination.
- Emphasizing real-world data and a unified message on vaccine importance is critical for child immunization.
Objective:
Covid-19 had a direct impact on children's health. The aim of this review was to analyze epidemiological and clinical data, the consequences of the pandemic, and vaccination aspects in this group.
Sources Of Data:
The searches were carried out from January 2020 to November 2022, in the MEDLINE databases (PubMed) and publications of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics.
Summary Of Findings:
Covid-19 has a mild presentation in most children; however, the infection can progress to the severe form and, in some cases, to MIS-C. The prevalence of the so-called long Covid in children was 25.24%. Moreover, several indirect impacts occurred on the health of children and adolescents. Vaccination played a crucial role in enabling the reduction of severe disease and mortality rates. Children and adolescents, as a special population, were excluded from the initial clinical trials and, therefore, vaccination was introduced later in this group. Despite its importance, there have been difficulties in the efficient implementation of vaccination in the pediatric population. The CoronaVac vaccines are authorized in Brazil for children over three years of age and the pediatric presentations of the Pfizer vaccine have shown significant effectiveness and safety.
Conclusions:
Covid-19 in the pediatric age group was responsible for the illness and deaths of a significant number of children. For successful immunization, major barriers have to be overcome. Real-world data on the safety and efficacy of several pediatric vaccines is emphasized, and the authors need a uniform message about the importance of immunization for all children.
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