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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Relationship Between Weight-Change Patterns and Cognitive Function: A Retrospective Study.

Hong-Jian Gong1, Xingyao Tang2, Yin-He Chai1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|December 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Weight gain from non-obese to obese in early adulthood is linked to lower cognitive function later in life. Maintaining a healthy weight throughout life is crucial for preserving cognitive health.

Keywords:
Body mass indexbody weight changescognitionoverweight

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obesity is a known risk factor for cognitive impairment.
  • The impact of body mass index (BMI) changes across the lifespan on cognitive function is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how distinct body mass index (BMI) change patterns from young adulthood to midlife and late adulthood affect cognitive function in older adults.
  • To explore the relationship between weight change trajectories and cognitive performance in later life.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 5,809 individuals aged 60 years and older.
  • Categorized participants into four groups based on BMI change patterns from young adulthood to midlife.
  • Assessed cognitive function using four standardized tests and analyzed the association with weight-change patterns via regression models.

Main Results:

  • Transitioning from non-obese to obese between ages 25 and midlife was associated with lower Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores.
  • A non-obese to obese BMI change from age 25 to 10 years pre-baseline increased the risk of DSST impairment.
  • Individuals whose heaviest weight was between 18-40 years had lower DSST scores compared to those heaviest post-60.

Conclusions:

  • The transition to obesity in early adulthood is linked to diminished cognitive function in later life.
  • Experiencing peak weight between 18 and 40 years of age is associated with poorer cognitive function in older age.
  • These findings highlight the long-term impact of weight management on cognitive health across the lifespan.