Enhanced abrasive-mixed-µ-EDM performance towards improved surface characteristics of biodegradable Mg AZ31B alloy

The non-degradable metallic implants, such as bone screws, often act as the source of dysfunction and harmful corrosion products in the aqueous environment inside the human body. Many of these implants are fixed either temporarily or permanently into the human body, and therefore, both need to match tight tolerances with a remarkably finished surface to eradicate burrs or striations. In this regard, the new generation of degradable magnesium (Mg) alloy implants with excellent osseointegration and low elasticity (like that of human bone), minimizing stress shielding, have been identified as potential candidates to challenge surgical procedures reintervention. However, the biological response of an implant toward the cells in vivo can be predominantly regulated by modifying the surface chemistry, morphology, and corrosion characteristics. Powder or abrasive-mixed-micro-electric discharge machining (A-M-µ-EDM) is gaining attention for executing precision machining and achieving a simultaneous surface modification on micro-manufactured surfaces, suitable for clinical applications. Therefore, the present research aimed at improving the surface characteristics of Mg AZ31B alloy via an augmented performance of A-M-µ-EDM by adopting copper and brass-micro-electrodes (C-µ-E and B-µ-E) in association with distinct abrasive particle concentrations (APCs: 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 g/l) of bioactive zinc abrasives. To enhance the A-M-µ-EDM capabilities, the experiments were designed with a one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) strategy, and the trial runs were conducted using different combinations of µ-electrodes and APCs. The superior performance of A-M-µ-EDM was noticed with the fusion of C-µ-E and 3 g/l APC in terms of minimum machining time (MT) and dimensional deviation (DD). The additional outcomes of this work reported favorable improvements in surface morphology, chemistry, topography, wettability, microhardness, and corrosion resistance on the A-M-µ-EDMed sample of interest.